●严位第四
凡战之道：位欲严，政欲栗，力欲窕，气欲闲，心欲一。
凡战之道：等道义，立卒伍，定行列，正纵横，察名实，立进俯，坐进跪，畏则密，危则坐。远者视之则不畏，迩者勿视则不散。位，下左右，下甲，坐， 誓徐行之。位逮徒甲，筹以轻重，振马躁，徒甲畏亦密之。跪坐、坐伏则膝行，而宽誓之。起噪，鼓而进，则以铎止子。衔枚誓，糗坐，膝行而推之。执戮禁顾，噪 以先之；若畏太盛，则勿戮杀，示以颜色告之以所生，循省其职。
凡三军：人戒分日，人禁不息，不可以分食；方其疑惑，可师，可服。
凡战，以力久，以气胜，以固久，以危胜。本心固，新气胜，以甲固，以兵胜。凡车以密固，徒以坐固，甲以重固，兵以轻胜。
人有胜心，惟敌之视；人有畏心，惟畏之视。两心交定，两利若一；两为之职，惟权视之。
凡战，以轻行轻则危，以重行重则无功，以轻行重则败。以重行轻则战；故战，相为轻重。
舍，谨甲兵；行阵，行列；战，谨进止。
凡战，敬则慊，率则服；上烦，轻；上暇，重；奏鼓轻，舒鼓重；服肤轻，服美重。
凡马车坚，甲兵利，轻乃重。
上同无获，上专多死，上生多疑，上死不胜。
凡人，死爱，死怒，死威，死义，死利。凡战之道，教约人轻死，道约人死正。
凡战，若胜若否、若天若人。
凡战，三军之戒，无过三日，一卒之警，无过分日；一人之禁，无过皆息。
凡大善用本，其次用末；执略守微，本末唯权，战也。
凡胜，三军一人，胜。
凡鼓，鼓旌旗、鼓车、鼓马、鼓徒、鼓兵、鼓首、鼓足，鼓兼齐。
凡战，既固勿重，重进勿尽，凡尽危。
凡战，非阵之难，使人可阵难；非使可阵难，使人可用难；非知之难，行之难。
人，方有性，性州异；教成俗，俗州异，道化俗。
凡众寡，既胜若，兵不告利，甲不告坚，车不告固，马不告良；众不自多，未获道。
凡战胜，则与众分善。若将复战则重赏罚。若使不胜，取过在己，复战则誓己，居前，无复先术，胜否勿反；是谓正则。
凡民，以仁救，以义战，以智决，以勇斗，以信专，以利劝，以功胜。故心中仁，行中义；堪物智也，堪大勇也，堪久信也。
让以和，人以洽；予以不循，争贤以为人，说其心，效其力。
凡战，击其微静，避其强静；击其倦劳，避其闲窕；击其大惧，避其小惧，自古之政也。
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严位第四
(1) 凡战之道，位欲严，政欲栗，力欲窕，气欲闲，心欲一。
In general, for the principles of warfare: Positions should be strictly defined; administrative measures should be strictly adhere to; movement should be nimble; the soldiers' disposition should be calm; and the minds of the officers and people should be unified.
作战一般的原则，战斗队形中士卒的位置要严格规定，号令要森严，行动要敏捷，士气要沉着，意志要统一。
(2)
凡战之道，等道义，立卒伍，定行列，正纵横，察名实。立进俯，坐进跪。畏则密，危则坐。远者视之则不畏，迹者勿视则不散。位下左右，下甲坐，誓徐行之， 位逮徒甲，筹以轻重。振马躁，徒甲畏亦密之，跪坐、坐伏，则膝行而宽誓之。起、躁，鼓而进，则以铎止之。衔枚、誓、糗、坐，膝行而推之。执戮禁顾，噪以先 之。若畏太甚，则勿戮杀，示以颜色，告之以所生，循省其职。
In general, for the principles of warfare: Rank and appoint men to office base on their morals and ability. Establish companies and squads. Orders the rows and files. Set the correct spacing between the horizontal and vertical. Investigate whether what is order is carried out.
Soldiers in standing formations should crouch down and advance; those who are in squatting formation should advance using their knees. If they are frightened, make the formation dense; if they are in danger have them assume a sitting formation. If the enemy is seen at a distance, after observations, they will not fear them; if the enemy are close, stay focus. Inside the formations, should use left, right, row and column to define the positions. When not advancing, troops should take the sitting formation. When giving out orders, how troops should be positioned and the weapons to carry in each formation's position should be taken into consideration. If the horses are aroused and the troops are afraid, tighten the formation and use either the sitting or squatting formations. The general should advance using his knees and calm the troops down. Have them get up, shout and advance using drums; signal a halt with the bells. When the troops are resting, ordered or having meals, have them sit down, and when there is a need to move, use knees to advance. Seize and summarily execute any deserters to stop the others from looking about to desert. Shout in order to lead them. If they are too terrified of the enemy, do not threaten them with execution and severe punishment but display a magnanimous countenance. Speak to them about the way to survive and achieve accomplishment; supervise them in their duties to complete the tasks.
作战的方法，要根据人们的德才分成等级，授予适当的职位，建立军队各级的编制，规定行列的次序，调整纵横队列，并检查是否名副其实。采用立阵时前进 要弯腰， 采用坐阵时移动用膝行，军队有畏惧心理时，队形要密集。情况危急时，要用坐阵。对远处的敌人观察清楚了就不会惶恐；对近处的敌人，要目中无敌，就会集中精 力，进行战斗。士卒在布阵中的位置，按左、右、行、列分布。屯兵驻止时用坐阵。从容下达命令，要规定每个甲士和徒手的具体位置，兼顾各种兵器使用的轻重缓 急，如果车震马躁，士卒畏惧，就应靠拢使队形密集，采用跪阵或坐阵，将领膝行前去用宽和的言词告诫他们，[使他们镇定下来]。如果要转入进攻就起立，高声 呼喊，插鼓前进。如果要停止，就鸣金。当士卒衔枚、受命或吃饭时，都应坐下实施，必须移动时，用膝行移动。在战场上要用杀戳来严禁顾盼不前，并高声喝令他 们前进。如果士卒畏惧太甚，就不要再行杀戮，而应和颜悦色地把立功求生的办法告诉他们，使之各尽其职，完成任务。
(2)
凡三军：人戒分日；人禁不息，不可以分食；方其疑惑，可师可服。
Within the Army: All punishment has to be imposed within half a day; Confinement does not go beyond the rest period; Do not cut the army's food supply as a form of punishment; when the enemy is in doubts, such is an opportunity to subdue him.
三军之中：惩罚兵众，半天以内就要执行；监禁士兵，不超过一息的时间；要乘敌人尚在疑惑不定的时候，用兵袭击，就可征服它。
(3)
凡战：以力久，以气胜。以固久，以后胜，本心固，新气胜。以甲固，以兵胜。凡车以密固，徒以坐固，甲以重固，兵以轻胜。
In general, during battles, one can endure if he has sufficient numerical strength but achieve victory if morale is high; one can endure with solid defense but achieve victory when being endangered; one can endure if the troops genuinely wants to fight but achieve victory when the fighting spirit is high; with the armor one is secure; with weapons, one attains victory.
一般作战：凡兵力充实就能持久，士气旺盛就能取胜；防守坚固就能持久，军队处于危地反能取胜。士卒真心求战就能稳固，朝气蓬勃就能取胜。用盔甲防护自己，用兵器战胜敌人。
(4)
凡车以密固，徒以坐固，甲以重固，兵以轻胜。
In general, the chariots will be secured in a close-knit formation; infantry will be solid in a squatting formation; armor is strong through toughness; weapons must be light and easy to wield to achieve victory.
兵车密集就能巩固，步兵用坐阵就能巩固，铠甲要坚实厚重才能牢固，兵器要轻巧应手才能取胜。
(5)
人有胜心，惟敌之视。人有畏心，惟畏之视。两心交定，两利若一。两为之职，惟权视之。
When men have their mind set for victory, the next stage is to find out the situation of the enemy and see if there is a chance to attack. When men are filled with fear, the next stage is to find out what their fear is. Once feelings have been made clear, their consequences and cause should be treated the same. How the general handles both situations depends on his execution of authority.
人们都有了求胜之心，这时就应该着重研究敌情是否能打。人们都有畏惧之心，这时就应着重研究他们是畏惧什么？把求胜之心和畏惧之心都研究清楚，把两方面的利害关系看待如一。而对这两方面情况的掌握，就全在于将帅的权衡。
(6)
凡战：以轻行轻则危，以重行重则无功，以轻行重则败，以重行轻则战，故战相为轻重。
In general, in warfare: Using small troops against enemy's troops is dangerous. Using large troops against enemy's large troops does not guarantee victory. Using small troops against enemy large troops is asking for failure. Using large troops against small troops can achieve swift victory. Thus war is also a comparison of strength and numbers.
一般作战：使用小部队对敌小部队可能有危险，使用大部队对敌大部队就可能不成功，使用小部队对敌大部队就要失败，使用大部队对敌小部队就要迅速决战，所以作战是双方兵力的对比和较量。
(7)
舍谨甲兵，行慎行列，战谨进止。
When in encampment, be careful about the weapons and armors. When on the move, be cautious about the rows and files. When in battle, be careful about when to advance or stop.
驻军时要注意严整战备，行军时要注意行列整齐，作战时要注意进止有节。
(8)
凡战，敬则慊，率则服。上烦轻，上暇重。奏鼓轻舒鼓重。服肤轻，服美重。
In general, in warfare: If you respect the troops, the troops will be satisfied. If you lead in person, they will follow. When orders are not clear and messy, the troops will disregard the orders given and act on their own. If orders are issued in proper measure, they will be seriously regarded. When the drumbeat is rapid, troops will move swiftly. When drumbeat is more measured, troops will advance in measured steps. When their uniforms are light, they will feel agile. If their uniforms are heavy, they will feel stalwart.
凡是作战，将帅恭敬待下就会让士兵满意，以身作则就能服众。上级政令烦杂士兵就会轻率行动，政令有间歇讲节制战士就能遇事持重。进攻时击鼓迅急就是号令疾速前进，击鼓舒缓则是号令缓攻徐进。服饰轻而薄将士行动就会便捷，服饰厚且重将士行动就迟钝。
(9)
凡马车坚，甲兵利，轻乃重。
When the horses and chariots are sturdy, the armor and weapons are strong, then even a small force can perform like a big force.
只要马健康、兵车坚固，甲胄兵器精良，虽是小部队也能起大部队的作用。
(10)
上同无获，上专多死，上生多疑，上死不胜。
If the general has the same knowledge and wisdom as his troops, they will not be able to achieve results. If the general always insist on his own decisions, a lot of his troops will sacrifice. If the general is scared of death and not courageous, his troops will have many doubts. If the general fight without strategies, he will not be victorious.
主将见识与众人同等，就不会取得战功。主将一味专横独断，战士就会多牺牲。主将贪生怕死，缺乏勇气，部下就会疑虑重重。主将只知拼死蛮战，有勇无谋，就不能夺取战争的胜利。
(11)
凡人，死爱，死怒，死威，死义，死利。凡战，教约人轻死，道约人死正。
In general, men will die for love and gratitude, out of anger, out of fear of awesomeness or authority, for righteousness or greed. Thus in warfare, laws can regulate men, making them regard death lightly. Moral and righteous cause can make men willing to die for righteousness.
人们有为感恩而效死的，有因激怒而拼死的，有被威逼而拼死的，有因仗义而效死的，有因贪利而拼死的。一般作战，用法令约束人，只能使人们不敢怕死，用道义感动人，才能使人们愿意为正义而死。
(12)
凡战：若胜，若否。若天，若人。
In warfare, whether ones win or lose depends on whether he has the correct timing, in the right terrain and gain popular support.
一般作战。或者胜利，或者失败，都取决于是否顺应天时，顺应人心。
(13)
凡战：三军之戒，无过三日；一卒之警，无过分日；一人之禁，无过皆息。
In warfare, the whole army should not be on alert for more than three days, a single company should not be on vigilant for more than half a day, the guard duty of a single soldier should not exceed one rest period.
凡是战时，对三军的告诫命令不要超过三天，对兵众的警戒训令不要超过半天，对一人的禁卫职务不可超过一息时间。
(14)
凡大善用本，其次用末。执略守微，本末惟权。战也。
During war, strategic attack is the best way to achieve victory. Next is physical attack. The general should know the war situation well and pay attention to details. This is to allow him to decide whether a strategic attack or a physical attack can achieve victory. This is a question that the general needs to contemplate.
进行战争，最好的方法是用谋略取胜，其次才是用攻战取胜。将帅必须掌握全局的形势，抓住具体环节，[以决定]是用谋略取胜还是以攻战取胜，这是作战时应该权衡的问题。
(15)
凡胜，三军一人，胜。
Regarding victory, , when the whole army unites as one, can victory be achieved.
(16)
凡鼓，鼓旌旗，鼓车，鼓马，鼓徒，鼓兵，鼓首鼓足，七鼓兼齐。
In warfare, for drums, there are drums that direct the deployment of flags and pennants; drums for advancing the chariots, drums for war horses, drums for directing infantry, drums for taking over, drums for organizing or forming formations, drums for standing and sitting. All seven should be prepared.
一般指挥部队的鼓点，有命令旗帜开合的，有命令兵车驰驱的，有命令战马奔驰的，有命令步兵前进的，有命令交兵接刃的，有命整齐队形的，有命令起坐行动的。这七种鼓点都必须规定齐全。
(17)
凡战，既固勿重。重进勿尽，几尽危。
In warfare, when the formation is already solid, do not make it more solid. When you have numerical advantage, do not commit all of them to attack. Committing all of them to attack will endanger yourself.
凡是作战，已经坚固的阵容不要再加强。即使兵力雄厚、进攻时也不要把力量一次用尽，凡是把力量用尽了的都很危险。
(18)
凡战，非陈之难，使人可陈难，非使可陈难，使人可用难，非知之难，行之难。
In warfare, it is not the forming of a battle formations that is difficult, it is the point in which that the men can be ordered into a formation fast that is difficult. It is not the point in which that the men can be ordered into a formation fast that is difficult, it is the ability of the men to exercise flexibility in using formation that is difficult. All in all, it is not the knowledge of formation that is difficult, it is the appropriate implementation of the formations that is difficult.
一般作战；不是布阵难，而是使吏卒熟习阵法难。不是使吏卒熟习阵法难，而是使他们灵活运用难。总之，不是懂得阵法难，而是实际运用难。
(19)
人方有性，性州异，教成俗，俗州异，道化俗。 All men have their own nature and nature can differs from region to region. Through teaching these nature can become culture. Culture differs from region to region. Through moral teaching, these culture can come together.
各地的人各有其性格，性格随各州而不同。教化可以形成习俗，习俗也是各州不同。通过道德的教化就能统一习俗。
(20)
凡众寡，既胜若否。兵不告利，甲不告坚，车不告固，马不告良，众不自多，未获道。
In warfare, whether the troops are numerous or few, even though they have attained victory, they should act as if they have not achieve it. A general that does not require the weapons to be sharp, armor to be strong, chariots to be sturdy, horses to be strong or troops to be expanded have not acknowledge the basic principles to achieve victory
不论兵力大小，打了胜仗要和没有打胜仗一样不骄不懈。凡是不讲求兵器锋利，不讲求盔甲坚韧，不讲求车辆牢固，不讲求马匹良好，不努力扩充兵员，都是没有掌握打胜仗的道理。
(21)
凡战，胜则与众分善。若将复战，则重赏罚。若使不胜，取过在己。复战，则誓以居前，无复先术。胜否勿反，是谓正则。
In warfare, if you are victorious, share the achievement and praise with the troops. If you are about to reengage in battle, make your rewards exceptionally generous and the punishment heavier. If you failed to achieve victory, accept the blame yourself. If you fight again, assume a leading position and do not repeat the tactics used last time. Whether you win or not, do not deviate from this principle for it is the "True Principle".
凡是作战，胜利了要与众人分享荣誉。如果还要再进行战斗，就要着重赏罚。假使没有取得胜利，就要把错误归于自己。再战时，要决心身先士卒，不重复使用上次的战法。无论胜败都不要违反这个原则，因为这是正确的原则。
(22)
凡民，以仁救，以义战，以智决，以勇斗，以信专，以利劝，以功胜。故心中仁，行中义，堪物智也，堪大勇也，堪久信也。让以和，人自洽，自予以不循，争贤以为人，说其心，效其力。
With regard to people, rescue them from suffering with benevolence; engage them in battle with righteousness; make judgement with wisdom; fight with courage; lead them through credibility; encourage them with profits and gain victory through honors. Thus the leader must embody benevolence and his actions accord with righteousness. He must make decisions wisely, be courageous in handling big matters，rule the state with credibility. If the leader is humble and friendly, his people will be deferential. If the leader attribute failings to himself, the people will follow the ways of previous wise people, following their principles. When the hearts of the population is won and they are happy, they will give their best for the state.
对所有的国民百姓。执政者要用仁爱去解救他们的苦难，用忠义去激发他们为国而战，用智慧判断他们的功过，用勇敢来率领他们去战斗，用诚信来使他们志 向专一，用财富来勉励他们去效力，用功勋来鼓舞他们去取胜。所以执政者的心志要合乎仁爱，行为要合乎道义。掌管万物要靠智慧，处理大事要靠勇气，使国家长 治久安要靠诚信。为政谦逊而和蔼，人心自然就融洽了；把过错的责任留给自己来承担，使民众取法前贤，以为处世之准则；悦服民众之心，使他们乐于为国效力。
(23)
凡战，击其微静，避其强静；击其疲劳，避其闲窕；击其大惧，避其小惧，自古之政也。
In warfare, attack the weak and quiet, avoid the strong and quiet. Attack the tired, avoid the well trained and alert. Attack those that are very afraid, avoid those that are alert. Since antiquity these have been the rules governing the army.
凡是作战，要进攻兵力弱小而故作镇静的敌人，避开兵力强大而故着镇静的敌人；进攻疲劳沮丧的敌人，避开安闲轻锐的敌人；进攻非常恐俱的敌人，避开有所戒备的敌人，这些都是自古以来治军作战的方法。
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