《孫子兵法》九變篇第八

08《孫子兵法》九變篇第八　　　　　　　　　　　　　　九變篇

孫子曰：凡用兵之法，將受命於君，合軍聚眾，圮地無舍，衢地交和
，絕 地勿留，圍地則謀，死地則戰。

途有所不由，軍有 所不擊，城有所不攻，地有所不爭，君命有所不受
。

故將通於九變之利者，知用兵矣﹔將不通於九變之利，雖知地形，不
能得地之利矣﹔治兵不知九變之朮，雖知地利，不能 得人之用矣。

是故智者之慮，必雜於利害。雜於 利，而務可信也﹔雜於害，而患可
解也。

是 故屈諸侯者以害，役諸侯者以業，趨諸侯者以利。

故 用兵之法，無恃其不來，恃吾有以待也﹔無恃其不攻，恃吾有所不
可攻也。

故將有五危：必死，可殺也﹔必生，可虜也﹔忿速，可侮也﹔廉潔，
可辱也﹔愛民，可煩也。凡此五者，將之過也，用兵 之災也。覆軍殺
將，必以五危，不可不察也。

VIII. VARIATION IN TACTICS

1. Sun Tzu said: In war, the general receives
his commands from the sovereign, collects his army
and concentrates his forces

2. When in difficult country, do not encamp. In country
where high roads intersect, join hands with your allies.
Do not linger in dangerously isolated positions.
In hemmed-in situations, you must resort to stratagem.
In desperate position, you must fight.

3. There are roads which must not be followed,
armies which must be not attacked, towns which must
be besieged, positions which must not be contested,
commands of the sovereign which must not be obeyed.

4. The general who thoroughly understands the advantages
that accompany variation of tactics knows how to handle
his troops.

5. The general who does not understand these, may be well
acquainted with the configuration of the country, yet he
will not be able to turn his knowledge to practical account.

6. So, the student of war who is unversed in the art
of war of varying his plans, even though he be acquainted
with the Five Advantages, will fail to make the best use
of his men.

7. Hence in the wise leader's plans, considerations of
advantage and of disadvantage will be blended together.

8. If our expectation of advantage be tempered in
this way, we may succeed in accomplishing the essential
part of our schemes.

9. If, on the other hand, in the midst of difficulties
we are always ready to seize an advantage, we may extricate
ourselves from misfortune.

10. Reduce the hostile chiefs by inflicting damage
on them; and make trouble for them, and keep them
constantly engaged; hold out specious allurements,
and make them rush to any given point.

11. The art of war teaches us to rely not on the
likelihood of the enemy's not coming, but on our own readiness
to receive him; not on the chance of his not attacking,
but rather on the fact that we have made our position unassailable.

12. There are five dangerous faults which may affect
a general:
(1) Recklessness, which leads to destruction;
(2) cowardice, which leads to capture;
(3) a hasty temper, which can be provoked by insults;
(4) a delicacy of honour which is sensitive to shame;
(5) over-solicitude for his men, which exposes him
to worry and trouble.

13. These are the five besetting sins of a general,
ruinous to the conduct of war.

14. When an army is overthrown and its leader slain,
the cause will surely be found among these five
dangerous faults. Let them be a subject of meditation.